Essay on A Raisin in the Sun vs. The Glass Menagerie

A Raisin in the Sun vs. The Glass Menagerie America is known around the world as the land of opportunity, a place where you can follow your dreams. No matter how selfish or farfetched ones dream may be, their goal will always be available. Whether it be the pursuit of the woman of your dreams, like that of Jay Gatsby, or the hunt for something pure and real, like Holden Caulfield. A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, and The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, exhibit the various types of American lifestyles and the aspiration that surface among each character. The dreams between the characters in the two literary works differ in selfishness, and availability. Tom is a young man bearing the responsibility of†¦show more content†¦Another means of Tom’s escape are his outings to the movie, which are aided by the fire escape. Tom goes to the movies for several reasons; to satisfy his need for alcohol, to escape his home life, and to experience some adventure. Walter is a black man in the 1950’s supporting himself, his wife, son, sister and mother in a small apartment in Chicago. He and Tom are both treated less than what a human is worth. â€Å"†¦I open car doors all day long. I drive a man around in his limousine and I say, ‘Yes, sir; no, sir; very good, sir; shall I take the Drive, sir?’ Mama that ain’t no kind of job†¦ that ain’t nothing at all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hansberry 60). The Younger family has not been able to experience the finer things in life, and Walter, being the authoritative male figure, feels he is at fault knows that a change is needed. Walter’s solution is to use his father’s life insurance money to fund the acquiring of a liquor license. The women of the household are always ordering around Walter. It’s Ruth, Mama, or Beneatha telling him how to run things, and when he gets a chance to take the initiative by using the money to invest in his liquor license, his friend betrays him, and his dreams are crushed. Tom and Walter are in similar situations. They are living almost in poverty, and they are denied authority. Walter’s goal is not selfish, in that it is not just for him, but also for the benefit of the entire family.Show MoreRelatedMale Vs Female : Playwrights Of The 1950 S2361 Words   |  10 PagesMale Vs Female Black Vs White: Playwrights of the 1950’s Lorraine Hansberry was the first Black woman to pen a Broadway play. In her writings, she wrote male characters, many of whom were male protagonists. Being the feminist that she was, many people saw Hansberry’s depiction of Black men in one of two ways; either as an unhappy retreat from her feminist concerns or as a negative representation of Black manhood. Throughout her career, in works such as â€Å"The Village Voice† and â€Å"Les Blancs† Hansberry’sRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesRevolution(1789—1799) Romantic vs. Neoclassic (1) Neoclassicism: - reason, order, elegant wit - rationalism of enlightenment in 18th-cent. Romanticism: - passion, emotion, natural beauty - imagination, mysticism, liberalism (freedom to express personal feelings) Romantic vs. Neoclassic (2) Innovation: - subjects: common life; the supernatural; the far away and the long ago - style: common language really used by men; poetic symbolism Romantic vs. Neoclassic(3) Good poetry

Promote effective communication with individuals with...

Unit 4222-395 Promote effective communication with individuals with sensory loss 1.1 The communication that takes place between two people (the sender and the receiver) is known as two way communication. The main feature of two way communication is the flow of information from both ways. This process is called a communication cycle as the process goes around in circles. †¢ Ideas occur – individual thinks of something they want to communicate. Communication always has a purpose. It might be to pass on information or an idea, to express a need or want to persuade someone to do something. †¢ Message coded – individual thinks about how they are going to say what they are thinking and decides in what form the communication will be i.e†¦show more content†¦I need to take time to listen and understand the individual. I should adjust the length of conversation to maximise the individual’s ability to remain attentive and help decrease stress levels. I may need to give instructions and have conversations in a quiet calm environment. I should describe job tasks clearly and concisely and simply. I need to break down large tasks into clearly defined small steps keeping descriptions short and direct. As a professional, it is my responsibility to make sure that my communication skills meet the needs of the people I support. I should not expect people to adjust their communication to fit in with me. The best way to find out about what individuals want and need, of course, is to ask. The individuals concerned are always my first and best source of information about their needs and the best way to meet them. But asking is not always possible. I can discover some information about communication needs, wishes and preferences by observing someone or by talking with other colleagues who have worked with the person previously and by talking to family or friends. They are likely to have a great deal of information about the communication needs are for the individual. They will have developed ways of dealing with communication, possibly over a long period of time, and are likely to be a very useful source of advice and help. Effective communication may have a positive impact on the lives ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on 4222-258 INTRODUCTORY AWARENESS OF SENSORY LOSS893 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Outcome1. 1. describes how a range of factors have a negative and positive impact on individuals with sensory loss. There are a number of factors that can impact individuals with sensory loss. People with sensory loss can miss out on important information that people without sensory loss take in day to day without even realising. 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A neurons specialty is responding to chemicalRead MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 PagesYoung People’s Services (England) (3978-51/52/53/54/55/56) Contents 1 2 3 4 5 Unit 501 Unit 502 Unit 503 Unit 504 Introduction Centre requirements Delivering the qualification Assessment Units Use and develop systems that promote communication (SHC51) Promote professional development (SHC52) 6 44 48 49 54 55 58 Champion equality, diversity and inclusion (SHC53) 60 Develop health and safety and risk management policies procedures and practices in health and social care or children andRead MoreSch 31-3.5 Explain How to Access Extra Support or Services to Enable Individuals to Communicate Effectively.1325 Words   |  6 PagesSCH 31-3.5 explain how to access extra support or services to enable individuals to communicate effectively. 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This Paper Provides a Critical Analysis of the Research Article

Questions: 1.How positive accounting research has proved successful in developing an understanding of human behavior in accounting settings? 2.What are the common deficiencies present in PAT (Positive Accounting theory) that limits its applicability in wider accounting researches? 3.Does accounting researchers need to develop better models in comparison to PAT for achieving better outcomes from accounting researches? Answers: Introduction This paper provides a critical analysis of the research article Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research written by Paul v Dunmore. The paper identifies and summarizes the key points illustrated in the article in relation to the positive accounting research. The aim of this critique is to develop an understanding of the arguments presented in the paper in reference to the use of positive accounting theory in explaining human behavior in accounting field. The research article is about discussing the challenges associated with the use of positive theory in maintaining the scientific nature of accounting settings (Dunmore, 2009). In this context, this paper discusses the future scope of positivist research program in accounting settings through analyzing the arguments presented in the research article. The paper presents a brief summary of the article, identifies its research question, discusses its theoretical framework and illustrates the significance and limitations of the arti cle. Summary of Article The given research article has provided an explanation regarding positive accounting in wider sense and depicted its importance in accounting researches. The theory of positive accounting, advocated by Watts and Zimmerman, was largely claimed to be basedprinciples of natural science. The theory was thus adopted by accounting researchers largely to resolve accounting issues by conducting scientific accounting researchers. The theory was utilized by business organizations in order to select the most appropriate accounting practices and concepts for resolving accounting problems. The accounting problems are resolved through the help of conducting quantitative accounting researches through incorporating the concepts of positive accounting theory (Bovens, Goodin and Schillemans, 2014). The positive approach to accounting researches is being analyzed in the overall research article through exploring its applicability in conducting successfully scientific researches. The positive accounting research is being regarded as a part of scientific researches as they seek to explain the cause and effect relationships of particular accounting phenomena. As such the theory finds extensive application in large and complex organizations to demonstrate the cause of human behavior in a particular situation (Chambers and Dean, 2013). The deficiencies of positive accounting research has been emphasized by the author in the given research article (Dunmore, 2009). The research article has regarded that the concept of positive research is much wider in comparison to the theoretical model of positive accounting theory. The concepts proposed by theoretical model of positive accounting can be used only to develop an understanding of the rational human behavior in accounting field. On the contrary, accounting field also seeks to gain an understanding of causes of non-rational human behavior such as explanation regarding use of discretion by manager in performance-evaluation systems or the cause of judgments taken by audit experts. Thus, it can be stated that the positive research program is much wider than the concepts advocated by the positive accounting theory (Wolk et al., 2012). Therefore, accounting researches does not only seek to explain the rational human behavior in accounting but also aim to provide an understanding of the non-rational aspects of human psychology. Also, the author has stated in the research article that the use of positiv e approach in accounting field only helps in exploring the causes but is not suitable for developing an understanding of the meaning of accounting concepts (Abdel-Kader, 2011). The research article has also illustrated the use of Poppers falsification criterion in explaining the nature of scientific researches. The best current understanding of acceptance or rejection of theories on scientific basis has been provided by Popper (Dunmore, 2009). Further, the author has discussed about the deficiencies existing in both qualitative and quantitative researches through adopting the concepts of positive accounting theory. The weakness present in the logic of statistics hypothesis testing used in quantitative positive accounting research is also discussed in detail in the research article. The author has tried to provide an explanation of the application of positive theory to accounting and suggested the areas of improvement in positive accounting researches. The research study has also emphasized that accounting researchers should focus on adopting other theoretical models for carrying out successfully scientific accounting researches. The author has concluded from the overall discussion held in the research article that positive accounting research is not able to achieve its scientific aims and objectives. The deficiencies highlighted by the author present in positive accounting research will draw attention of accountants in ord er to develop more improved formal theory based on analytical research to be used in resolving accounting problems (Dunmore, 2009). Theoretical Framework The author has analyzed and examined the views of different authors in relation to the significance of positive approach in accounting settings. This has developed a theoretical framework of the research article based on which the author has presented a valid answer for the research questions. The positive approach to accounting has been developed in order to provide a proper explanation to the reality of accounting concepts. The theory since its origination has been regarded in contrast with normative accounting theories used in accounting field. The normative accounting theory guides the decisions of accountant based on theoretical accounting principles (Deegan, 2014). On the contrary, as analyzed from the research article positive accounting theory examines the real life events and thus helps businesses to implement an appropriate method for addressing the accounting issues. Thus, the theory of positive accounting tends to examine the economic impacts of accounting choices made by the firm managers. It tends to predict the accounting of business transactions by business organizations in future context. The theory developed by Watts and Zimmerman was regarded to be practical and based on explaining the reality behind the accounting transactions. However, the theoretical framework of the research article has depicted various shortcomings in the theory and thus regarded it to be not appropriate for achieving scientific objectives of accounting research. The theory is not able to explain the cause and effect relationships in accounting settings in quantitative terms (Ghnabari et al., 2016). The best understanding of the theory on scientific basis has been provided by Popper. The theoretical framework of the research study has also incorporated the use of Poppers falsification criterion in order to justify the scientific basis of positive accounting theory. As per poppers criterion, the procedure of developing a scientific theory consists of following sequence of steps. The first step involves developing preliminary ideas and establishing a formal theory based on analytical research. The testable predictions are obtained from the theory through gathering the empirical evidences related to the theory. The predictions obtained should be defined in quantitative terms as they can be tested through the adoption of falsification criterion. The theory is rejected to be based on scientific nature if the quantitative predictions are falsified. The falsification criterion of Popper has been used largely for analyzing the scientific nature of large number of theories (Dunmore, 2009 ). The research article has utilized the Poppers criterion in analyzing the scientific nature of both qualitative and quantitative accounting research. The author has proposed that although scientific researchers are considered to be quantitative there are number of science theories that are qualitative also for example, theory of evolution proposed by Darwin. Thus, as per the research study the positive and quantitative accounting researches are different and thus there also exist researches in positive accounting that are qualitative. The qualitative positive research is undertaken in accounting for collecting information about particular accounting phenomena. The qualitative positive research also helps in testing the quantitative predictions of scientific theories as described in Poppers criterion. However, the accounting researches only uses qualitative positive research only to develop an understanding of the accounting phenomena and the theoretical framework are not used to obtai n assertions into the reality of accounting practices. On the other hand, quantitative positive researches though able to explain the reality of accounting practices suffers from the drawback of undue reliance on logic of hypothesis testing. The author has identified and proposed the weakness associated with the logic of statistical hypothesis testing is that it does not incorporate the concept of measuring the outcome obtained (Dunmore, 2009). The accounting data is always subjected to measurement error and thus quantitative researches should also emphasize on adopting the theories that are based on mathematic forms for appropriate measuring of accounting data (Mattessich, 2013). Thus, the author after examining the ontology and epistemology of positive research has concluded that current practice of positive research in accounting has greater scope of improvement through the incorporation of better theoretical models than PAT (Dunmore, 2009). Significance and Limitations of Article The research article in context has high relevance for identifying the scope of improvement present in quantitative accounting research. The author through the overall research study has clearly identified and stated the current deficiencies existing in the PAT model used in accounting researches. The research study will prove to be highly beneficial for businesses as it recommend the implementation of better theoretical models for explaining the reality of accounting transactions. However, the research study is also associated with the limitation of only adopting the use of quantitative research methodology in achieving the aims of the study. The research study has only analyzed and examined the qualitative data related with the research topic and has not applied the quantitative research methodology in resolving research questions. The author has only proposed theoretical conclusions that are drawn from the theoretical framework of the research article (Dunmore, 2009). The theoretical framework of the research article is based only on the work of previous researchers and thus the research study lacks objectivity. The research study is highly subjective in nature and thus suffers from limitation of lacking credibility and authenticity. The author has not proposed any primary finding that helps to explore the research topic from a new perspective. The author, instead, has only focused on the work of previous researchers related to the research topic. The limitation of only using qualitative data also has impacted the significance of the research article to be used in future researches (Chatfield and Vangermeersch, 2014). The research lacks objectivity and thus its potential use in future context by other accounting researchers is impacted largely. The research study will find only limited use in future accounting researches carried out in relation of examining the use of PAT in conducting scientific accounting researches (Dunmore, 2009). Conclusion The research article has recommended the use of better theoretical models in accountings to successfully achieve the aims and objectives of scientific accounting researches. The operation of a successful quantitative accounting research requires development in PAT model by incorporating the concepts of measurement also rather than relying only on hypothesis testing. The theoretical models need to be developed on the basis of conducting analytical researches so that its concepts are well-defined to be used in scientific accounting researches. The theoretical models developed should be tested through the use of poppers falsification criterion so that their scientific nature is proved. The concepts need to be fully operationalized and should be derived from mathematical forms so that they can easily help in measurement of accounting data. Thus, all these considerations will help in development of better model that can be used in accountings settings as compared to PAT. References Abdel-Kader, M. G. 2011. Review of Management Accounting Research. Springer. Bovens, M., Goodin, R. E., and Schillemans, T. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Public Accountability. OUP Oxford. Chambers, R. J., and Dean, G. W. 2013. Chambers on Accounting: Logic, Law and Ethics. Routledge. Chatfield, M. and Vangermeersch, R. 2014. The History of Accounting (RLE Accounting): An International Encylopedia. Routledge. Deegan, C. 2014. Financial Accounting Theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dunmore, P.V. 2009. Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Ghnabari, M. et al. 2016. PAT (Positive Accounting Theory) and Natural Science. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 10(2), pp. 177-182. Mattessich, R. 2013. Reality and Accounting: Ontological Explorations in the Economic and Social Sciences. Routledge. Wolk, H. I., et al. 2012. Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment. SAGE.

Physical Development 0-19 Years Essay Example

Physical Development 0-19 Years Essay Understanding Child and Young Person Development Assignment 023 – Table 1 Physical Development Explain the sequence and rate of development Age Range 0-3 Months Many babies are born around the 40th week are born with reflexes which include swallowing and sucking reflex this is so they can swallow milk and in conjunct with that they also have the rooting reflex they move head from side to side in order to find the nipple or the teat. They also have the grasp reflex and standing and walking reflex. When first born they sleep a lot but after one month they start to become more observant and stay awake longer. Babies start to look less curled up, like in the featal position and they dont startle or jump as frequently. 3-6 Months At this age babies have gained weight and grown in height. Babies are lifting and turning heads. Many skills are apparent now like playing, smiling, laughing and squealing. They can reach out and grab a toy. They can roll from back to front and also balance on their fronts like they want to get up on their legs and crawl. -9 Months The physical development at this stage has progressed a lot and babies are able to explore so much more they are crawling or finding other ways to get around, they can sit up without support and spend a lot of time playing. 9-12 Months Babies are able to crawl very quickly and pull themselves up on furniture and walk round it and may are on the verge of walking. They are using fingers to feed themselves. 1-2 Years At this stage babies have found their feet and are completely mobile, they walk quickly in their feet and are named toddlers. -4 Years Toddlers are now confident in walking and enjoy playing and picking up things, they go on to realise they are independent from their parents, they are now running and climbing, moving chairs to climb is also very common. 4-7 Years Compared to other development the physical ones slow down around this age but the skills like using scissors and pouring are used and activities like kicking and controlling a ball and handwriting improves. -12 Years Physically children are able to do things at a faster rate, drawing a simple picture becomes easier and dressing themselves. Growth and change to their bodies. 12-16 Years This is when physically girls and boys tend to differ they change in to men and women at different rates. By 15 or 16 girls have become women but boys dont start puberty till around 14 years of age and takes about 3 years. Body shapes are changing. 16-19 Years We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Development 0-19 Years specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Development 0-19 Years specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Development 0-19 Years specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer